Ap Euro Winter Homework

Irene Kim AP Euro Winter Assignwork forcet 1/2 unit of measurement I 1. There are several relationships that fuck be pointed fall out between the Middle Ages and modern times. 1 much(prenominal) example is the all overpopulation that atomic number 63 go to the highest degree before the bleak goal and the overpopulation that the worldly concern is facing at this moment. Although not everywhere, on that point is poor sanitation and malnutrition in legion(predicate) areas of the world as in that location were natural covering then. some new(prenominal) example is the economy and how there were a lack of jobs and pay for lot as there are directly which lead to recent loving swops. 2.The saturnine Death opened up new economic opportunities for peasants and formed a new middle class made up of trickisans. The farmers that broke a style were able to fuck a new job that they enjoyed much(prenominal) as art and literature. The nose candy eld War began the mode rnization of state expression and it made more(prenominal) room for social mobility. Power besides became more centralized. The crisis in the Catholic Church paved the way for scholasticism and more secularizing of art. 3. The Black Death changed the social structure after the umpteen deaths and the surplus of farmers who moved to the cities to become artisans.The Hundred Years War put contract politically between England and France that would affect wars ulterior on. The church moving from Italy to France and refocusing the place of proper(a)eousness changed the demographic structure. Unit II 1. The Renaissance differed from the Late Middle Ages because it cerebrate a lot on art and learning. pityingitarianism, which led to some a(prenominal) going out from the church and become secular, opening crossways atomic number 63 with the help of many intellectuals. similarly the fact that the Renaissance was a tip without as much feudalism because of the Black Death i s significant because the individual could focus on himself or herself. . The topic of secular humanism affected Renaissance art because it broke away from the traditional Christian settings and characters and relied more on basic citizenry and their emotions. secular humanism changed how society viewed itself and made it more individual-centered. da Vinci da Vinci is one artificer who mixed the Mona Lisa, by developing the technique of sfumato. Another artist is Michelangelo Buonarroti who sculpted David, which glorified the human body by making it into a contrapposto stance and made the facial expressions single and emotional.Albrecht Durer is a Northern Renaissance artist who painted many self-portraits which shows how he determine himself as well. 3. Women at a time had increased addition to education but they also alienated status and became ornaments to their husbands. There were sexual epitome standards women had to curb chaste while men could do whatever they wa nted to. Although there were women like Christine de Pisan or Isabella dEste, their roles were to follow and down children. 4. Machiavellis ideas, found in The Prince, outline what a prince should do to pattern his country.He states that the ends must justify the essence and that for rulers, it is better to be feared than to be loved. They have greatly influenced future rulers to be stricter on their people. Unit III 1. The causes of the Protestant reclamation were the corruption of the church, revivals of ancient text, and humanism. The corruptions of the church much(prenominal) as the sale of indulgences, simony, pluralism and other kit and caboodle caused the people to become wary of the church. Humanism caused many people to criticize the church and question the validity of the bible.Though tensions about the church had been growing over the ago few centuries, they escalated during this time, causing the Protestant rehabilitation. 2. The replenishment changed the world religiously, politically, economically, and socially. It changed it religiously by separating countries and the people by different religions, when before the reformation they were united under one. New religions sprout out and grew away from Catholicism. It changed it politically because the rulers now had a stand on which religion to practice.It changed it socially because many of the cut back classes converted into Protestantism because it was more favorable to them while many of the nobility stayed Catholic. 3. The status of women and children in European society was changed by the reformation, somewhat. A cleaning womans main job was to stay at home and take plow of the family, but marri climb on became more compassionate. tension on education and literary pass judgment rose during this time, thanks to intellectuals. As for Protestant women, their opportunities to help in the church, such(prenominal) as becoming a nun, lessened. 4.The extent the Catholic Church succeede d in achieving its goals during the Counter Reformation was pretty good. They basically re-affirmed past stamps and ameliorate the institutions so that no corruption could be done and that the clergy would be properly educated. Although the superstar of western Christianity was shattered, religious enthusiasm was rekindled inside the people. A new religious site called the Jesuits also helped many people wee-wee back into Catholicism. 5. The voyages of exploration were motivated the idea of riches, such as gold or silver, but many wanted to fix a new route to the silk and alter professions.The Ottoman Empire blocked cardinal very major routes and so Europe had to find new routes to Asia. They changed the world by coming home with knowledge of new land and also spread diseases and fodder from one place to another. 6. Politics and economic science were related in the commercial revolution. The moneymaking(prenominal) Revolution was a period of European expansion, colonial ism, and mercantilism. It was related to politics because many countries fought over trade routes. Whoever controlled one route, would form alliances with other countries making it a unshakable, defended nation.It is related to economic science as well, because with the vast trade markets and monopolies, it helped many countries gain wealth and eventually power. Unit V 1. Divine right is the belief that God placed the king on the fecal matter. Many used this as the prat of power for an absolutist rule. Although its legitimacy cant be proven, people such as Bossuet helped monarchs achieve that power, such as Louis XIV. 2. The Treaty of Westphalia ended the Catholic Reformation in Germany as a renewal of the Peace of Augsburg except it added Calvinism.It failed to help Europe experience peace in the years following because Germany was now devastated and further divided. in like manner France began to gain power, which led to many wars such as the French Revolution and and so for th 3. Mercantilism is the economic doctrine in which disposal control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and the surety of the state. It was a cause of frequent European wars and motivated colonial expansion. It started the slave trade. They spread diseases, killed many natives, plundered riches, and introduced ifferent foods and animals. 4. Austria, Prussia, France, Russia, and England emerged as the strongest powers during the age of absolutism because of the fall of the three ageing empires, Holy Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, and prettify Kingdom. Absolute rulers, such as Frederick William I of Prussia, ruled as a solvent to the crises of the 16th and 17th centuries because the people inevitable order. Their armies and military were very developed and strong as well. 5. The methods that haughty monarchs used to keep on their control were to strengthen their military and change the bureaucracy.They also demanded absolute obedience and s ee from civil servants, because promotions were based on merit. They also educated their people more, even the lower classes. Monarchs also extended their rule over local law and revenues and replaced local nobles with ones close-fitting to the king. 6. Absolutism is based on sovereignty. An absolute ruler, like a king or queen, governs by decree. They were placed on the throne by god, and the people have no say in those decrees and no right of appeal. Constitutionalism, however, is based on agreed laws, not decree. It relies on a balance of government power and the rights of the people as well.