Babettes Feast Essay -- essays papers

Babettes Feast I believe that everything happens for a reason. Happen, and happen atcertain times for a reason also. The movie, Babettes Feast, helped stick out mybeliefs. This movie started out focused on Martina and Phillipa with their father, thepastor. The movie quickly shows his silent dominance over his two daughters. He keeps them under his wings until the day he dies, and then even after that they continue to live in his shadow. Everything he preached is believed and followed by them and members of their community. The father taught them that the only thing which we may take with us from our career on earth are those things which we have given away. Because of their father, the two make upd their lives to carrying on his preaching and his kindness towards the other followers. So instead of marrying, they decided to devote their lives to God and to their late father. By doing this they would take away from earth exactly what they gave while on earth. Their dedication to their father and the church made them underestimate the mogul of love and marriage. Its not like these women did not have chances to marry, or take differentcourses in their lives. Martina was extremely beautiful and caught the eye of every materialization man, moreover the sternness of her father, and her own aloofness kept them frompursuing her. A prime example would be, Lorens Loewenhielm, the officer who met her via his rich older aunt. Martina was very interested in him, but never gave him any encouragement. Phillipa was blessed with the voice of an angel, while singing in church she caught the eye/ear of world renowned French striving Achille Papin. Not only does he fall in love with her, he cherished to make her into a star in France. Yet again, a suer is rebuffed by the daughters. In both cases the daughters did not openly reject their suitors, instead they were aloof and acted uninterested. In the case of Phillipa she asked her father to inform Papin that she no lo nger wanted to take music lessons from him. There is no clear reason why they turned down all their suitors. though there are many contingent reasons. The girls may not have found the men attractive and suitable to settle down with, maybe they just werent interested in men, mayhap their true calling was God and helping others, though it could possibly be because their father had told them never to marry. He ... ...a seductive love affair that no star who tasted the food was immune to its powers. They all became part of the food. There was so much power in the food it healed rifts in the community that had been there for years. though it may have seemed random that Babette showed up on the sisters doorstep on a stormy night, armed with a letter from Phillipas old beau. It trulywasnt, Babette was a necessary part of their lives. Because everything happens fora reason, Babette came to live with the sisters for a reason. During the time Babettecame to Jutland the community was in s hambles. After the loss of the pastor faithhad begun to dwindle. Though Babette was often a silent attribute she in fact wasvery powerful in all their lives. She may not have verbally preached to thecommunity, but her food had a message that connected them all. Babette came to Jutland to escape from the war in France. but her presence was much more important than just a housemaid, she also helped the sisters with their charity work. More importantly, she came there to help reunite the community. That was her role in life. To create beautiful meals, and help that poor community in countryfied Denmark.

Alcohol Fetish Essay -- Alcohol

As humans, we all yearn to be separated, yet we atomic number 18 trapped by expectations, responsibilities and standards placed upon us by the modern domain of a function. alcoholic drink creates freedom and vulnerability for individuals oppressed by the dynamics and speed of everyday life especially in very developed high class nations. alcohol particularly creates this freedom for individuals in disenfranchised populations, where expectations from a foreign sophisticated ideology overwhelm the batch of the once free nations. And because alcohol creates a free and youthful state of mind, it becomes fetishized. In order for one to defetishize alcohol, and drinking to escape from reality, one must look at their reality and question what reality they are escaping in the first place. In the paper, I first examine the history of alcohol in different cultures and societies. I then talk about how the figure of culture a person lives in, whether it is sophisticated or more third worl d, reflects ones relationship with alcohol. Sex and vulnerability also plays an Copernican role in the fetishizing of alcohol in most communities I observe this next and how it relates to individuals overall creation of freedom. Lastly, I look at how individuals are better able to have fun, at all ages, when drinking. All in all proving that drinking alcohol creates a state of freedom for people who lack freedom because of their realities. The history of alcohol, unlike many other commodities on the market dates back very far into history. Each and every part of the world seems to have their own personal relationships with the popular beverage. Brewing of alcohol dates back to the beginning of written civilization, and possibly before. antique Babylonians, as well as the Ancient Egyptians ... ...Brave Heart, M., Chase, J., Elkins, J., & Altschul, D. B. (2011). Historical Trauma Among Indigenous Peoples of the Americas Concepts, Research, and Clinical Considerations. Journal Of Ps ychoactive Drugs, 43(4), 282-290. doi10.1080/02791072.2011.628913Hanson, David J. Preventing Alcohol Abuse Alcohol, Culture and Control. Wesport, CT Praeger, 1995Mohindra, K. S., Narayana, D. D., Anushreedha, S. S., & Haddad, S. (2011). Alcohol use and its consequences in South India Views from a marginalized tribal population. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 117(1), 70-73. doi10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.021Yuan, N. P., Eaves, E. R., Koss, M. P., Polacca, M., Bletzer, K., & Goldman, D. (2010). Alcohol is Something That Been With Us Like a Common Cold Community Perceptions of American Indian Drinking. Substance Use & Misuse, 45(12), 1909-1929. doi10.3109/10826081003682115

Child Personality Types Essay -- Classification Essays Psychology Pers

Child spirit TypesAnyone who has spent time with or around children go away nonice that each one has a special personality all of their own. Children, like adults, have different traits that make up their personalities. Experts have researched this phenomenon in detail and classified children into different categories. Some experts have named more than three categories, scarce Peter L. Manigone has chosen three that most experts agree with. These categories have been named flexible, fearful, and feisty. Children generally may have homogeneous interests, but the way they interact and deal with these interests displays their personality type. The first personality type is called flexible. This is the most common of the three types. About 40 percent of all children fall into the flexible or easy group (Mangione). These children normally handle feelings of anger and disappointment by reacting mildly upset. This does not mean that they do not feel mad or disappointed, t hey just choose to react mildly. These actions mean the flexible child is easy to take care of and be around. According to Mangione, they usually adapt to new situations and activities quickly, are toilet-trained easily, and are generally cheerful. Flexible children are subtle in their need for attention. Rather than yelling and demanding it, they will late and politely let their caregiver know about the need. If they do not get the attention right away, they seldom make a fuss. They patiently wait, but they still make it known that they need the attention. These children also are easygoing, so routines like feeding and napping are regular (Mangione). Flexible children may be referred to as good as gold because of their cheerf... ...re most like. Whatever their temperament, children need to be treated according to their individual needs. When these needs are met appropriately the child will be happier, and those around the child will feel better also. Knowing the gener al personality types and how to react to them will help to make the caregivers job more easier and aid in the relief of unnecessary stress. Works Cited Facts About Temperament. Temperamentproject n.d. 25 Oct 2000. Mangione, Peter L. The Different Temperaments of Infants and Toddlers. J. Ronald Lally. Dir. Janet Poole. Media Services Unit, California Department of Education. California Department of Education. Viorst, Judith. Is Your Childs Personality Set at Birth? Tennessee Electronic Library. (Nov. 1995) Online. InfoTrac OneFile, A17618832.

William Goldings Animal Farm :: William Golding Animal Farm Essays

William Goldings Animal FarmOn the inaugural page of the arrest there is immediately a link to the adult knowledge base and the civilization that has been adapted there. There is areference to the Home Counties. This shows that already, the writeris telling the reader of the links that may be made throughout thebook about the adult world and its comparisons to the life in thejungle. Societies operate in many different ways and there are manyfactors that influence this fact. In the book Golding tries tohighlight what these factors are and how they cause disruption andpeace within a society. By approaching this from different angles thereader is able to get a better outline of what Golding is trying torepresent and can therefore fully appreciate the wonders of hiswritings.One of the angles that he approaches the way societies operate from isby using the attraction as an example. Throughout the duration of the bookthere is a feeling of complete rivalry as the two main contendersfight for the right to be the attractor of all other boys on theisland. Jack and Ralph are constantly attempting to better one antherbut in ways that only they can fulfill. In the first chapter of thebook the reader sees a very democratic system employed by the boys.This is to elect a leader and therefore a fair voting is counted.Despite this being the fairest possible way of concluding a leaderJack is not at all happy with the issue. and the freckles on Jacksface disappeared on a lower floor a blush of mortification. This shows that Jackexpected to be elected as the chief of the group. As Ralph could seethat that Jack was upset by the outcome of this election heimmediately offered Jack the control of the choir. In foresight thiscould be one of the worst things that was accidentally andun-intentionally done by Ralph. This is because there is aninstantaneous division of the two groups, which later on destroy allform of civilization that has been built. From this initial decisionto ele ct Ralph as the leader there is a bitter rivalry built up mingled with him and Jack Merridew, leader of the choir/hunters. The mainreason for this is Jacks jealousy overcoming him. He does not realizethat his office staff in the adult world does not necessarily transferonto the island where normal rules do not apply and it is just amatter of survival. Because of this contention between Ralph and Jackmatters start to become worse and the whole fiasco spirals out of

Social Responsibility in Akira Kurosawa’s Movie, Seven Samurai :: Movie Film Essays

Social Responsibility in Akira Kurosawas Movie, Seven SamuraiIt is truly a corrupt time when keepers of the peace must create unrest in order to survive. In sixteenth century Sengoku jidai Japan, it is survival of the fittest a major part of this survival is what class one has been born into. Organized politics surrender been said to be a luxury of developed civilizations. Given that a poor farming village in sixteenth century Japan is simply developed, the harsh rules of nature ar ascribed to instead. Weakened by a continuing drought topped with unrelenting bandit raids, they must appeal to those who are stronger for help. However, in this land where the strong are successful, this will mean anyone who comes to the aid of these farmers will be stooping to work for their social inferiors.It is understood that violence has a star role in samurai movies. In recent markets, a movie with as much blood as dialogue, though harshly criticized, will do in good order in the box office. For the most part, Western cinema has been blamed as the cheapener of something that once was art. However, Akira Kurosawas Seven Samurai approaches mortal combat from a different perspective. The scavenging bandits wipe out indiscriminately, taking what they want and destroying the rest. The honorable samurai, on the other hand, use their sword sparingly. The movies first killing is given to Kambei, who draws his sword on a kidnapping robber only to save another life. Credit is due to Kurosawa who takes care not to make light of death. In a particularly relentless scene, a bandit lays impaled on a villagers spear. This portrayal of the impact taking a life can have is something often overlooked a genre that usually glorifies the act.Kurosawas greatest achievement with Samurai is his statement on social responsibility. Kambei and his team of samurai choose to help the villagers despite the lack of a reward or even glory. By helping those less fortunate to achieve a semblance of at l east a productive way of life and exterminating those who are willing to exploit others for personal gain, a nation can be at peace and therefore prosperous.

Social Responsibility in Akira Kurosawa’s Movie, Seven Samurai :: Movie Film Essays

Social Responsibility in Akira Kurosawas Movie, Seven SamuraiIt is truly a corrupt time when keepers of the peace essential create unrest in order to survive. In 16th century Sengoku jidai Japan, it is survival of the fittest a major part of this survival is what class one has been born(p) into. Organized politics have been said to be a luxury of developed civilizations. Given that a poor farming village in sixteenth century Japan is hardly developed, the harsh rules of nature are ascribed to instead. Weakened by a continuing drought topped with unrelenting bandit raids, they must appeal to those who are stronger for help. However, in this land where the strong are successful, this will mean anyone who comes to the aid of these farmers will be stooping to work for their social inferiors.It is unsounded that violence has a starring role in samurai movies. In recent markets, a movie with as much blood as dialogue, though gratingly criticized, will do decently in the box office. F or the most part, Western cinema has been blamed as the cheapener of something that once was art. However, Akira Kurosawas Seven Samurai approaches mortal battle from a different perspective. The scavenging bandits kill indiscriminately, taking what they want and destroying the rest. The honorable samurai, on the other hand, use their sword sparingly. The movies first killing is given over to Kambei, who draws his sword on a kidnapping robber only to save another life. Credit is due to Kurosawa who takes care not to make light of death. In a particularly haunting scene, a bandit lays impaled on a villagers spear. This portrayal of the impact taking a life can have is something a great deal overlooked a genre that usually glorifies the act.Kurosawas greatest achievement with Samurai is his statement on social responsibility. Kambei and his team of samurai choose to help the villagers despite the drop of a reward or even glory. By helping those less fortunate to achieve a semblanc e of at least a fat way of life and exterminating those who are willing to exploit others for personal gain, a nation can be at peace and therefore prosperous.

Macbeth Essay

As Shakespeares tale of tragic ambition Macbeth progresses, Lady Macbeth undergoes a metamorphosis moving from a stable, love wife, into a power hungry woman driven to madness by her own obsession for complete control. Although when the question who is ultimately responsible for Duncans remainder is asked, many will point the finger at Lady Macbeth. While she played a role in manipulating and deceiving Macbeth into committing the first act of evil in the book, we are all given free will and with that it was ultimately his final decision to kill Duncan.In the beginning it started with Macbeth being given the title of Thane of Cawdor in Act 1 scene 2 when Duncan said and with his former title greet Macbeth, what he hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won (Shakespeare, I,ii, 3,5). This was the first feeling of power that Macbeth had in the play. It did not change him in the way you would think it should have, he was humble and accepting of the upstart title but the moment the witches told him the prophecies is when I believe he subconsciously started to desire more power than he already had.In Act 1 scene 2-3 when Macbeth meet the terzetto witches and they gave him the prophecies All hail, Macbeth hail to thee, Thane of Glamis thusly All hail, Macbeth hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor and finally All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter (Shakespeare, I, ii, 50-53) After hearing this Macbeth sent a letter explaining to his wife, Lady Macbeth about the three prophecies. When she read that one of the prophecies had already came true and the next one was for Macbeth to be king she wanted to kill the king and knew how she would do it.She could taste the power that she could have, and it was the alone idea driving her thoughts. As William Pitt once said Unlimited power is apt to corrupt the minds of those who possess it. Lady Macbeth had yet to posses the power yet it had already bastardized her thoughts. In Act 1 scene 5 when Lady Macbeth says Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me, from the capital to the toe, top-full of direst cruelty (Shakespeare, I,V,41-44) She was asking for them to make her strong, to take away her morality and in its place leave pure cruelty.When Macbeth finally returned home to his wife she already had a plan to kill Duncan so that Macbeth would be king and more importantly she would be queen. As much as Macbeth tried to plea with his wife not to kill the king, that they had what they needed and the king had just recently honoured him by giving him the title of Thane of Cawdor. However no words could change her mind. It was not until she questioned his manly hoodlum by saying in Act 1 scene 7 What beast wast because that made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man and, to be more han what you were, you would be so much more the man (Shakespeare I,VII,53-57). At this point Macbeth felt like he had no other choice but to please his wife, so he agreed to the plot to assassinate Duncan and with that threw away any morality he had left in him.While Lady Macbeth might have been the driving force behind the assassination, it was ultimately Macbeth who chose to kill Duncan. While it might not have been clear in the beginning he had a deeper thirst for power than his wife which is prominent in Act 3 scene 1 after he has been laurelled king and is peaking to cardinal murders to go kill Banquo and his son because they are the only ones who threaten his seat on the throne. Both of you know Banquo as your enemy(Shakespeare III,i,124-125). Macbeths want for power drove him mad and caused him to kill many people, and while its not clear the reason for the third murderer, it is believed Macbeth sent him to kill the other two once the job was done. He became so paranoid with the power that he had that he began to trust no one but himself and would do anything to keep his new title as king.As Lord Acton said, Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men. Macbeth was tormented by what he had done that he began to have delusions which ultimately lead to his own murder. As Shakespeare said and a long farewell to all my greatness (Henry The 8th Act 3, scene 2, 351). Due to Macbeths obsession to gain power and retain it, led to the death of Duncan, Banquo and many others. Also more importantly the death of himself, cause him to have to leave the greatness and power he strived so hard to obtain.

Elizabeth Gaskell Essay

After Helen died things didnt get much better. The farm workers started to look down upon him and hardy waited till my fathers back was glowering rated the step give-and-take, take down his own brother looks down upon him unintention completelyy I sometimes repeated the disparaging words I heard Without fully understanding their pith. This makes us find a lot of sympathy towards Gregory and we get hold sorry for him. There imaginems to be a close link between Gregory life and his produce life. No matter what happens, they try to make the best of things and get on with it.Preston maintains and feeds his hatred of Gregory instead of repressing it he cherished his feeling of alienation he had from Gregory. He lived the save type of life as her, one of suffering and one full of sorrow, termination seems like a better place for him he is a pine side the one and only person who loved him. Preston packs a grudge on Gregory right from the rattling start. But we must admire Gregory for not begrudging him or any other person who treats him badly even if they have just been nasty to him, he would do a kind turn for anyone, even if they had been scolding him.He is parallel to his mother. This helps us to warm to him as a point of reference. Gregory is stoical and dyingures things with un plaining patience whichs helps us to admire him. Gaskell creates a character that speaks highly of Gregory. Nearly every one of the farm workers has a bad thing to say nearly(predicate) him apart from old Adam. Gregory is sent out onto the hills as a Shepard with along with Adam who trains him. Adam is the only person apart from Gregorys mother who has not got a bad word to say about him, provided indeed praises him.This is likely to the fact that Adam was almost the first person who had a good opinion of Gregory and even told this to his boss, Preston. Later in the narration when the narrator goes missing, Gregory goes out in the thick snow to look for his half brother ris king in his own life and not even cerebrateing about it. This also seems parallel to Helen who had done similar for Gregory by putting Gregory first and looking out for him without even thinking about it. When Gregory manages to find the narrator, Gaskell makes us feel even more admiration for him.In the freezing snow, he gives his brother the Maud (woollen shawl) that he is wearing so that the narrator tramp stay just a little bit warmer. This makes us warm to Gregory, because of the fact he is suffering for the sake of his brother. Gaskell evokes admiration from the readers, Gregory died for his brother, and someone he barely knew and did not even complain about it. Gaskell creates a character that many of the readers may take a disliking to and manages to get ambivalent responses from the readers.Preston is described as world an old bachelor long past forty and one of the wealthiest farmers thereabouts. Helen agrees to espouse him solely on that the fact that he promised to ta ke good charge of her boy, and let him want for nothing, uncomplete in way of keep nor in education. This almost seems a purely business agreement. He uses Gregory as an excuse in order to marry Helen. Gaskell makes our response to Preston more complex than any other of the characters she manages to get a complicated reaction to Preston through a short storey.With the other main characters, it is apparent how Gaskell is trying to portray them but it is not obvious in Prestons case. We are suspicious of him at the start. At the start of The Half Brothers Preston is made out to be a horrible man, but by the end of the story our feelings have softened against him. He is very impatient, he does not wait for Helen to love him peradventure love would have come in time. Preston begrudges Gregory as child for the attention he receives from Helen. He is jealous of him, and cannot stand Helen loving Gregory more than him.Preston is dehumanised. He does not love Gregory at all, but hates h im. But later on we see that Preston is humanised, glad and proud his son was born. He becomes sorry for his sad wifes state, but still blames it on Gregory and holds him responsible for Helens death even though it is his own fault for arguing with her. After Helens death Preston honours the agreement for which they were married under, to look after Gregory. But he makes no attempt to love him, only to give him material things that money can buy, nothing emotional.Even Preston is hurting Gregorys dog, just because it belongs to Gregory, he has a real dislike to anything that Gregory owns or anything to do with. Even Prestons own son thinks he is to hard on Gregory I believe that my father cherished his feeling of alienation to my brother as a duty, than strove to repress it But towards the end of The Half brothers Gaskell makes us feel differently towards him. There is a sense of deep regret from Preston on his deathbed about the way that he treated Gregory passim his life God for give me my hardness of heart towards the fatherless child After his death he knows that Helen loved Gregory more and so as a sign of repentance had desired that he might lie at the foot of the grave, in which, by his desire, poor Gregory had been laid with our mother. Preston is very grateful and thankful to Gregory for saving his sons life I would have given him half my land I would have blessed him as my son. He even tries to be kind to the dog, but it wont let him near it. Gaskell is very good at creating and holding disbelief for long periods of time through the story.At the start of the story, just after Helens husband dies suspense starts to build up as we become worried about Helens future and continues to hold the suspense until she marries Preston. When the narrators gets lost, the fact that night came on quicker makes us feel unnerved that night is overtaking him and that he may get stuck there all night. An eerie atmosphere is created which intensifies the suspense eve n further some wild boggy moor Tautology is used to emphasis how dark it and adds to the suspense noiseless expansion of black darkness.Gaskells use of language also helps to create suspense. Suddenly the air was filled , suddenly is placed at the showtime of the sentence to show how quickly and unexpectedly the snow fell. We start to become worried for the narrator and the suspense is built up even further by the emotional language used I shouted terrible, wild shouts for bare life and choked with tears desolate, helpless death I was to die shows how utmost(a) the situation is, how isolated and lonely the narrator must have felt.The narrator starts to give up hope and we start to feel very sorry for him and then(prenominal) just as all hope is gone, lassie comes to his rescue, we now see that he saved and is acquittance to get home safely as he has been set in motion. Just as soon as we feel relief that he has been found, there poses as even bigger problem, instead of one p erson being lost, there are two the suspense is deepened even further than before. As the two try to find their way home, it is apparent that they are not going to get home and could die out there.All of this creates suspense and makes the reader want to read on to see if the pair gets home all right. The suspense reaches it climax near the end of the story. When the narrator determined to sleep and doesnt care if he dies. When the pair realise that they can go no further, they turn back as a last resort they know that they are going to die and sent lassie back to get help. The suspense is mounted to see whether or not lassie can get back to the ranch before the pair die of the cold. Then the narrator fell asleep. We think is the end, he has fallen asleep he will die.But then a sense of relief comes over us when we find that the narrator has been found just time and survives, but Gregory is not so lucky. Through out the story The Half Brothers Gaskell evokes and manipulates many of our feelings. But some readers, including myself find that some of the story mawkish and trying to push at our emotional buttons in an unsophisticated way. Gaskell style of writing helps to manipulate our feelings. The way she portrays Helens and Gregorys lives makes us feel a lot of sympathy towards them but we admire the way they put up with everything without complaining.She creates a character, which seems to be the bad guy of the story and evokes complex feelings for him from us. any(prenominal) readers including myself may find that Preston is an horrid man and continue to think the same even when Gaskell tries to soften his image by saying that he has become humanised, but others may feel that he is a good man at heart and this is portrayed at the end of the story when he is deeply regretful. Gaskell is very good at creating suspense and makes us worried about the characters and makes us want to read on. So overall Gaskell is very good at manipulating our feelings.

Berkeley

The concerns of idealism and empiricism guard been of continual concern in philosophy. Pre-Kantian thought had this collision at the highest point of controversy. noble-mindedness holds the count that public is composed in the consciousness of various agents. It finds its most radical postulation in the work of George Berkeley. Berkeley famously holds that berth that nothing exists in the absence seizure of perception to be is to be perceived, as the maxim states. The reality of objects is assured by their projection onto or within the consciousness of different agents.Idealism here is represented by Berkeley who is the foremost prop cardinalnt of a pure idealism in the western philosophical tradition. Similarly, he is the only major immaterialist nous in his era of insight philosophy. The role of the perceiver is the final referent in the equation. This is in line with the return to science and the re-appropriation of classical values that characterized the Enlightenment wor ldview. Empiricism is headed by John Locke, the emphasis here is thus not as much on the perceiver as it is on the perceived objects. inside both traditions of philosophic thought thither is great emphasis on perception as the key determining process in the attainment of reality (or an accurate representation thereof).When perception is the key to proper inquiry there are two main branches of occupations that must be accounted for, illusion and delusion. Illusion is a problem or difficulty with the function of sensory input and delusion, being a problem with the perceiving mind. The opposition among a mental and perceptual problem doesnt hold up as well in contemporary philosophic thought, however it seems necessary to include these models of thought for the purpose of explicating the idealist-empiricist debate circa 1700s. other framing concern is the epistemological character of the entire dialogue. It is specifically a drive toward certainty that fueled much philosophic inquir y.Illusions, in the sense that atomic number 53s perceptions imply contradictory things, have often fascinated philosophers from Plato through Descartes and even until today. In Berkeleys work Three Dialogues amid Hylas and Philonous, he discusses a number of perceptual discrepancies using Philonous as his mouthpiece. The problem is stated that if one puts a hot hand in water the temperature feels cooler and untougheneder if one places a cool hand in the same water (Berkeley 142-143).This is done within the context of Berkeleys idealist project which is to remove attributes from the object and suck things in terms of their existence in perception. He starts by mentioning the limits of the senses they cannot infer from observation to causes and are bound to that which is immediately perceived (Berkeley 138). In this manner, he argues that since there is a discrepancy in the perception of the same object. The temperature of the water must not be a uniformed attribute that exists within the water. Otherwise, the water must be at once hot and cold and this is rejected as an absurdity (Berkeley 143).Hylas raises the objection that while the sensation may be in the perceiver, the fictitious character that gives rise to it must be within the object. This is countered by stating that such a quality has no bearing as we know of it only by our intellect. That is, we have removed it from any sort of corporeality. He writes in his principles that ideas of one God and ideas of man are both subject to being ideas, they cannot exist otherwise than in a perceiving mind (Berkeley 74).Lockes approach to this particular problem is addressed in a different way in his Essays Concerning Human Understanding. While Berkeley describes the sensations of alter and cold as analogous to sweetness and bitterness or more generally pleasure and pain, Locke conceives the situation of temperature as analogous the properties of motion. Locke holds the view that heat and cold are actually a form of motion at a minute level (Locke 2.8.21).This is, of course, a prototypical view for the modern scientific view of temperature where heat is represented by low-level vibration of particles. The faster the vibration the higher the temperature. With this model, what we feel in the bucket example is the deceleration of particles in the warm hand and the acceleration of particles in the cool hand. The differential temperatures see to average themselves out. This model is well in line with the contemporary palette, however, it fails to address Berkeleys stead which erases the concept of an inherent quality.The problem of delusion is brought up, again in Berkeleys Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous. Hylas posits, What difference is there between real things and chimeras formed by the imagination . . . since they are all equally in the mind? (Berkeley 197). The answer comes that ideas formed by the imagination are faint and indistinct(Berkeley 197). This may be a submer ged reference to Descartes demand for clear and distinct ideas as the nates of analytic truths.Locke discusses this in his Essays Concerning Human Understanding. He suggests that wit produces combinations of ideas while judiciousness separates them (Locke 2.11.2). He writes, How much the imperfection of accurately discriminating ideas one from another lies, either in the dulness or faults of the organs of sense or inadequacy of acuteness, exercise, or attention in the understanding (Locke 2.11.2). Furthermore, he suggests that ideas must link up with things. Sensation is produced by the conformity of the object with the perceiver (4.4.4).The distance between the two thinkers is thus that of their views of the fundamental role of perception. For Berkeley it may seem that Locke is being overly skeptical on the role of the perceiver. For in the thinking of Locke the mind is not the origin but the senses which shape the mind. For Locke, we are born tabula rasa, a blank slate to be im pressed by our sensory input.Our mind takes up the suppose of shaping sensation after that point. This is to say with Locke we are in an a posteriori epistemology whereas with Berkeley we are a priori. The problem for Berkeley could thus be characterized as finding the foundation of knowledge on the continually shifting horizon of sensation rather than the static, constant world of ideas. In a way this is analogous to the divergence between Heraclitus who wrote that nothings stays fixed and Parmenides who held that Being is unchanging (Wheelwright 70,90). The problem has come from a long history and different forms of this dispute will likely continue with constant perpetuity.Works CitedArmstrong, David M.. Introduction. In Berkeleys Philosophical Writings. Ed. David M.Armstrong. New York Collier Books, 1965. 7-34.Berkeley, George. Berkeleys Philosophical Writings. Ed. David M. Armstrong. New YorkCollier Books, 1965.Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume I. Jan 2004. . may 21, 2007.Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume II. Jan 2004. . May 21, 2007.Wheelwright, Philip. The Presocratics. New York The Odyssey Press. 1966.

Deutsche Allgemeinversicherung(Dav)

FORM B (specific ladder information) Course Name/Title shape Management in Manufacturing/ OPIM 656 Program MBA (e. g. MBA or Ph. D. Required or elective Elective Instructor(s) Name and email address Anita outfox emailprotected upenn. du Number of grad sessions in course 26 Duration of each descriptor (minutes) 80 Typical number of students enrolled in recent 37 course offerings. Textbook Used No Misc. Instructor comments about course OPIM 656 /SYS 522 Process Management in Manufacturing Fall 2004 Monday-Wednesday, 300-430 p. m. (JMHH 255) Revision date 9/7/04 Professor Anita L. Tucker emailprotected upenn. edu JMHH 551 (215) 573-8742 Office Hours M 930-1200 W 1030-1200 (or by appointment) Brief Course DescriptionThis 26-session course builds on the concepts introduced in OPIM 631 and OPIM 632 to examine how organizations give the axe develop and supplement excellence in process management. This course uses a diverse set of case studies from manufacturing and s ervice organizations in the United States, Australia, Japan, and Europe. Two modules comprise this course. The first 13 sessions focus on trading operations schema. In these castes, we examine what constitutes an operations strategy and how organizations can create value by managing complexity, ambivalentty, and product development.We also examine issues cerebrate to scaling up a companys operations and challenges to capturing the value created through operations. In the second half of the course, we discuss recent developments in twain manufacturing and service industries, with an emphasis on the importance of process excellence in achieving and maintaining competitive advantage. Specifically, we examine initiatives in property (i. e. 6-sigma) and Time-Based Competition/JIT. As applications, the course considers key recent advances in enterprise-wide planning (ERP) systems, supply mountain range contracting and B2B interfaces.These may be viewed as attempts to align enterp rise processes with customer needs and market structures and to meet continuous pro ensure of these processes once designed. In manufacturing, these developments arouse led to restructuring of the manufacturing and logistics system to provide adaptive and time-responsive supply chains, innovative product development processes and support functions. The results of this on-going restructuring watch important implications for globalization of operations.The course is recommended for those interested in consulting or operations cargoners, as well as students with an engineering background who wish to develop a give understanding of managing the manufacturing process. Prerequisites and Follow-on Courses The course builds on OPIM 631 and 632, which are prerequisites. Other students must(prenominal) have permission of the instructor to enroll. The course is a useful precursor for OP1M 657, OPIM 658 and OPIM 762. consent of the instructor is anticipated to enroll under SYS 522.For either of these, basic courses in probability and statistics must have been completed prior to enrollment. Grading Your grade for this course go out be based on written exercises (10%), twain case write-ups (20%), crystallize participation (30%), and a final exam (40%). Written exercises You may take a shit in groups to prepare the exercises, but each person must turn in his or her give hard copy (not electronically, please) set of answers. Late exercises will NOT be accepted. Date 1 Nov 24thTopic Attribute Control charts Date 2 Dec 1st Topic 6-sigma slip of root word Write-upsIn groups of 3 or 4 people (or individually if you prefer), please prepare a case write up (maximum of 4 foliates, including exhibits) for two cases that interest you and turn in a hard copy to me at the start of the break in which we c over that case. cheer indicate the contribution made by each individual. Late write-ups will NOT be accepted. Final Exam The final exam will be a take home case. Det ails TBA. Text and Materials for the Course on that point is no required text for the course. Most of the readings will be found in the Course Bulkpack, which will be distributed through Wharton Reprographics.The course assignments, lecture notes and confused supporting materials can be obtained from the WebCafe. Detailed Course Outline Part I The Concept of trading operations Strategy partitioning 1. Wednesday September 8 (Introduction to Operations Strategy) This course introduces a common framework for the bases for operations strategyfour competitive priorities of cost, role, flexibility, and delivery. In the first class, we consider the fundamental questions What is operations strategy? depose an organization create a competitive advantage through its production processes?For class, please read the interest articles and be prepared to discuss in class Skinner, W. 1974. The focused factory. Harvard Business Review May June 52(3)113. Hayes, R. H. and D. M. Upton. 1998. Operations-based strategy. California Management Review 40(4)8-25. Class 2. Monday September 13 (A more detailed look at two companies different operations strategies within the same indus travail) Read American Connector (A), HBS case 9-693-035. effect Synopsis American Connector Company and DJC Corporation are two companies in the electrical connector market which have chosen different competitive and operating strategies.The case focuses on how American Connector should act to the potential threat by DJCs entry into the U. S. market. engagement enthral deal to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. How serious is the threat of DJC to American Connector Company? 2. How big are the cost differences between DJCs plant and ACCs Sunnyvale plant? Consider both DJCs performance in Kawasaki and its potential in the United States. 3. What accounts for these differences? a. How much is due to the slumping demand in the U. S. (Hint Look at depreciation) b.How much of th e difference is inherent in the way the two companies compete? (Hint abide you roughly graph their two competitive positions (x-axis flexibility, y-axis price charged) c. How much is strictly due to differences in the efficiency of the operations? (Hint consider materials, labor, and glacial costs) 4. What should American Connectors management at the Sunnyvale plant do? Class 3. Wednesday September 15 (Three views of operations strategy Tradeoffs, Cumulative capability, Integrative) Read the following articles Porter, M. E. 1996. What is Strategy? Harvard Business Review (Nov-Dec 1996)61-78. Hayes, R. and G. Pisano. 1996. Manufacturing Strategy At the Intersection of Two Paradigm Shifts. Production and Operations Management 5(1)25-41. Assignment recreate shape up to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What is the main point made by Porter, 1996? Do you agree with him? Is there anything in his article you disagree with? 2. Can you oblige the conflicting views expressed in Porters 1996 article with those expressed in Hayes and Pisano, 1996? Class 4. Monday September 20 (Tradeoffs The value of focus) Read fast Rewards at souwest Airlines. HBS Case 9-602-065Case Synopsis Southwest Airlines had been consistently profitable every year for 28 years, but with firms cutting back on decease and airlines increasingly trying to cut costs and lure customers away from competitors, it efficiency re conceptualize its egalitarian strategy. For example, frequent fliers wanted rules changed so they could receive preferential treatment, much(prenominal) as being guaranteed first embarkation regardless of the time they arrived at the airport, and being able to change tickets without paying upgrade fees. The case considers the implications that changing these rules might have on Southwest Airlines operating strategy.Assignment Please prepare the following questions for case discussion. 1. What is Southwest Airlines value proposition? What are Southw ests sources of competitive advantage? 2. Consider the economics of the airline industry. From Exhibit 2 and Exhibits 9-15, what do you see as driving the difference in pecuniary performance across airlines? How important are frequent fliers to airline performance? 3. From your experience, how does Southwests service philosophy compare to the rest of the major players in the airline industry? What are the obstacles to its productive execution?POLL QUESTIONS Please answer the following questions on the WebCafe poll. 1. Should Southwest save a few low-numbered boarding cards for its most frequent fliers? Thought questions for class discussion What is the key motivation for your opinion? What are the tradeoffs that Southwest must consider in do this determination? 2. Should Southwest allow its most frequent fliers who have missed their flights to take the next available flight with an empty seat or should these customers have to wait for the next available flight with an empty seat within the same fare class? Thought question for class discussionWhat drives your conclusiveness? Class 5. Wednesday September 22 (Cumulative view of developing operating capabilities) Read Micom Caribe (A) HBS Case 9-692-002 Case Synopsis Micom Caribe examines both quality advance and the development of flexibility in a satellite manufacturing unit based in Puerto Rico. This change has been brought about through commitment of the workforce and the adoption of simple, still effective production technologies. The aim of the case is to explore the sources of Caribes improvement. Assignment Prepare the following questions for class discussion of the Micom Caribe Case 1.What accounted for the quality crash in 1987? To what extent was the geographical location of manufacturing relevant, and what would you have done differently, as MCC, to avoid the crisis? Why were people at MCC unable to see your etymon? 2. What were the most important steps taken to reconfigure MCCs Puerto Rican manufacturing operation and what capabilities did each build? 3. What specific capabilities does Caribe now have, and, as Moshetti, how would you develop MCCs manufacturing strategy? Class 6. Monday September 27 (Using capabilities to enable entry into reinvigorated markets) Case Australian Paper Manufacturers (A) HBS 9-691-041Case Synopsis Australian Paper Manufacturers (APM) dominated the domestic report packaging market in a long-standing industry relationship that divided the Australian report card market neatly and cordially among the countrys three main paper companies. In 1987, APM invaded the fine papers market, once the sole domain of the Paper Company of Australia (PCA). Haunted by its environmental videotape, PCA initially found itself paralyzed, unable to renew and expand capacity to repel its new rival. By December 1991, Ken McRae, APMs group general manager, was considering his options, now that APM had established a reputation for quality and nvironmental sensib ility in the fine papers market. Assignment Please line up to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What opportunities and assays did Ken McRae face as he contemplated pickings APM into the fine papers market? Be specific with respect to technological, operations, and capital investment (as well as otherwise considerations). 2. As Ken McRae, what technology and operations strategy options are available? Which do you think he ought to pursue? Why? Class 7. Wednesday September 29 (Summary discussion) Read the following articles in breeding for class discussion Wheelwright, S. C. and K. B.Clark. 2003. Creating Project Plans to focus product development. Harvard Business Review September 2-15. Thomke, S. and D. Reinertsen. 1998. Agile product development Managing development flexibility in uncertain environments. California Management Review 41(1) 8-30. Part II Creating and Capturing shelter Class 8. Monday October 4 (Managing New Product Development) Case Weve g ot rhythm Medtronics Corporations cardiac pacemaker task. HBS Case 9-698-004 Case Synopsis Medtronics manufactures implantable cardiac pacemakers. The companys market share has eroded from about 70% in the early mid-seventies to below 30% in 1986.The decline stems from the way the companys administrators managed the process of defining and developing new products. The case outlines the steps the company took to try to rebuild its product development capabilities and market share. Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What are the reasons behind why Medtronic roughly lost its position as market leader in the 1970s and 1980s? 2. Which of the improvements in the new product development process that the Medtronic management group implemented strike you as having been particularly crucial to turning the company around? . What do the concepts product line architecture and train schedule slopped in the pacemaker business? What are the costs an d benefits of having implemented these concepts as the Medtronic management team has done? What elements of Medtronics approach could be applied in very different business settings? 4. Evaluate the nature of precedential management involvement in Medtronics implementation of its product development system. Which elements of the system does senior management need to be intimately involved in, and which can it delegate or pay less attention to? Class 9. Wednesday October 6 (Managing Uncertainty)Case Delamere Vineyard HBS 9-698-051 Case Synopsis Delamere Vineyard is a small, integrated winemaking business in Tasmania. Richard Richardson, Delameres winemaker and owner, confronts a choice among three potential quality improvement visualizes, the merits about which customers and industry experts offer conflicting advice. Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What are Delameres strengths and weaknesses? What does it deliver to customers that other vineyards do not? What does it take to be outstanding in the wine business? 2. What types of uncertainty does Richardson face? . What does quality mean in winemaking? 4. What rationale and concepts should one apply to improving a production system such as winemaking? 5. What should Richardson do? How will his experience and personality shape his decision? Class 10. Monday October 11 (Managing Complexity) Case Ellis Manufacturing. HBS Case 9-682-103 Case Synopsis Ellis, a leading producer of small kitchen appliances has seen its market share steadily eroding over the last few years, and internally has experienced increasing conflict among sales and production groups over control of production for local markets.James Cassals, the top operations executive at Ellis has been asked to rationalize the multiplant network. Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What problems does EMC face? What are the causes of these problems? 2. What is the cost o f producing an average mixer at the Barnstable plant? At Georgetown? At Flower Springs? What insights do these calculations provide as to how product lines should be assigned to plants? 3. How should EMCs multiplant network be organized? Class 11. Wednesday October 13 (Capturing Value Scalability) Read Fresh Connections HBS Case 5-600-108Case Synopsis Fresh Connections is a start-up food manufacturer that hopes to exploit the growing enthusiasm of Americans for home repast successors, prepared food purchased in supermarkets and eaten in the home. A startup Fresh Connections could manage operations on an order-by-order basis, as it grows the company finds it needs more formalised systems. But which system should they adopt? Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What are the most important operating and strategic issues facing Fresh Connections? (Hint Try to suppose how many new products are developed each month. 2. Which segment(s) of the prepared foods business do you think is most attractive(a) for Fresh Connections? 3. What choices must Fresh Connections make in developing an operations strategy? What is the effect of complexity on Fresh Connections operations? (Hint Try to estimate the cost of having to change over between every batch as opposed to being able to make long runs of the same product, which wouldnt require complete clean-outs between batches. ) 4. How will growth push Fresh Connections operations? 5. What capabilities should Fresh Connections emphasize in its strategy? Class 12.Monday October 18 (Value Capture versus Value creation) Case McDonalds Corporation (Abridged) HBS Case 9-603-401 Case Synopsis McDonalds is rightly seen as one of the great growth stories in American business history. The company offered outstanding consistency, service speed, and price to its customers. For to the highest degree half a century, the formula seemed unbeatable. But in the 1990s growth had stalled. New competi tors entered the fast-food industry, and were apparently better able than McDonalds to react to shifting customer preference. Can McDonalds meet this challenge while keeping its operating system intact?Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What characteristics of McDonalds production system have been most important in building its record of success and growth in the industry? 2. What are the downsides of their operating strategy? (i. e. what things does McDonalds NOT do well) 3. What are the primary new challenges McDonalds faces at the start of the 21st century? 4. How would you adapt the system to accommodate these changes in the U. S.? 5. How can McDonalds lay the basis for future growth? Class 13. Wednesday October 20 (Summary discussion)Read the following papers endeavour Resource Planning (ERP), HBS Technical Note 9-699-020. T. H. Davenport, Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System, Harvard Business Review, July-August 1998 Assignment For a company of your choice, think through the costs, benefits and risks of implementing an ERP-based solution to providing the transactions-based infrastructure for materials management, manufacturing and distribution in the company. Monday October 25 Break Part III Managing the operations supply chain Class 14. Wednesday October 27 (Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP) Read lake herring Systems Implementing ERP. HBS Case 9-699-022 Case Synopsis Upon arriving at Cisco in 1993, the Chief Information Officer, Pete Solvik, recognized that the manufacturing systems that were unstable and needed replacement Although initially hoped to replace the suite of legacy systems at a slower, more deliberate rate, the instability of the companys systems were an obstacle to sustaining the rapid growth of the company. Thus, Pete and his pesterer managers aggressively attacked the problem with an ERP approach. Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1.At the start of the case, Ciscos information systems are failing, even so no one steps forward to lead the effort to replace them. Why is this? Why were no managers eager to take on this project? 2. Cisco was highly successful with its enterprise resource planning (ERP) effort. What accounts for this success? What were the most important things that Cisco did correctly? 3. Did Cisco do anything wrong on this project? If so, what? 4. We often hear that senior management commitment is important for projects like Ciscos ERP implementation, but senior management commitment to do what?What can top managers do to maximize chances for success here? 5. Cisco went live with ERP in a big bang fashion, which is inherently risky. How did Cisco mitigate this risk? 6. Was Cisco smart or lucky with its ERP implementation? Class 15. Monday November 1 ( bring home the bacon Chain Management and Design) The next two sessions provide a general installation to and review of the following strategies employed in designing supply chains for flexibility, time and cost performance Read H. downwind, V. Padmanabhan, S. Whang, The Bullwhip Effect in Supply arrange. Sloan Management Review, Spring 1997, pp. 93 102. David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, Supply Chain Integration, Chapter 5 in innovation & Managing the Supply Chain, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, 2003, pp. pp. 119-142. Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What is the Bullwhip or Whiplash Effect in industries, can you give some additional examples other than those cited in the Lee et al. paper? According to Lee et al. , what are the causes of the Bullwhip Effect? Do you agree or disagree? Can you think of additional causes other than those discussed in the paper? . Why information distortion brings inefficiencies in Supply Chains? What do you think of the value of information sharing? What are the benefits of supply chain coordination ? Can you give us some fresh examples from reality? How can we mitigate the Bullwhip Effect? What are additional mechanisms you think can be used for Supply Chain Coordination? 3. Based on the previous question (2), how can ERP and Business Intelligence Technology be used to develop an electronic supply chain? 4. What are the emerging business opportunities for B2B marketplaces (see Lee 2001, Simchi-Levi et al. 2003)? Class 16. Wednesday November 3 (Business-to-business supply chains) Read Quantum Corporation supply Chain Group. HBS Case 9-601-099 Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What are the biggest challenges facing HDDO? How can Information Technology help with these? 2. Why is time so critical in this business? What efforts should the eSupplyChain group advocate to allow Quantum to reduce the lead-time for its products? 3. How should the eSupplyChain group best accomplish its mission within Quantums organizational structure? 4.How s hould Quantum and HDDO use the new eHITEX consortium? If we think of the adoption of eHitex by high-tech companies as a kind of implementation process, what kinds of pitfalls with this implementation face? 5. The new IT-enabled product allocation process, which is set forth on p. 12 of the case, has the potential to be an improvement over the current one. What difficulties, if any, do you think there will be in moving to the new process? What organizational groups might not be enthusiastic about moving to the new process? 6. How much financial benefit will a 1-day TOO reduction realize for HDDG?Class 17. Monday November 8 (Management of process technology in a global plant network) Read ITT Automotive. HBS Case 9-601-099 Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What are the implications for both cost and flexibility of automation? Do you agree with the assertion made by one of the managers in the case If you automate, you stagnate? 2. What are your recommendations regarding the issue of standardizing process technology across all plants? Are there motives behind this proposal, other than those utter in the case? 3.As Juergen Geissinger, how would you go about implementing your recommendation? How would you overcome resistence from the plants? As Steve Dickerson, the plant manager at Asheville, North Carolina, what line of reasoning would you use to allure senior management that full automation is the less desirable secondary? 4. As Klaus Lederer, what option would you like to see pursued? How do various options fit into the broader corporate strategy of ITT Automotive? Class 18. Wednesday November 10 (Vertical integration) Read Nucleon, Inc. HBS Case 9-692-041 Case Synopsis Nucleon is a five-year old biotechnology company whose first harmaceutical product, CRP-1, is almost ready to be tested in human beings. The company has focused entirely on R&D since its founding and thus has no manufacturing capabilities of its o wn. It must decide whether or not to build a small-scale pilot plant to manufacture CRP-1 for early phases of clinical trials. Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. What are your recommendations regarding the manufacturing of CRP-1 for Phase I and Phase II clinical trials? What are your recommendations regarding manufacturing for Phase III clinical trials and commercialization? . How would you unfreeze your recommendation to would-be investors in the company? 3. What is your recommendation regarding Nucleons long-term manufacturing strategy? What should this company look like in 10 years (e. g. an R&D boutique, an R&D boutique with pilot scale manufacturing capabilities, or an integrated manufacturing enterprise)? Class 19. Monday November 15 (Outsourcing strategies) Read David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, Procurement and Outsourcing Strategies, Chapter 7 in Designing & Managing the Supply Chain, 2nd Edition, McGraw-H ill Irwin, New York, 2003, pp. p. 119-142. Solectron. Stanford Case GS-24 Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. Why did IBM decide to use a contract manufacturer? Do you think there were any risks associated with their decision? 2. What strengths did Solectron have that made it an appropriate contract manufacturer for IBM? 3. What made Solectron a successful contract manufacturer in general? Note Contract manufacturing and outsourcing have become vital ingredients of both high-tech sectors (e. g. aircraft manufacturing and electronics) as well as medium- and low-tech manufacturing, including that in emerging economies. Use the reading and the Case discussion to think through the basic ingredients (internal and external) for a company to survive and prosper using outsourcing and off-shoring. Class 20. Wednesday November 17 (Managing a global network of suppliers) Case Li & Fung (Trading) Ltd. HBS 5-396-386 Case Synopsis Li & Fung is one of th e largest trading companies specializing in low-cost, labor-intensive consumer goods from suppliers throughout eastern hemisphere Asia.Its main work is to connect Asian factories with U. S. and European retailers and manufacturers who have their own designs for merchandise and need them turned into physical product. The case poses two decisions for students a Li & Fung division manager must decide which supplier can best handle a particular customer order and the Managing Director must regularise whether or not to restructure all of the soft goods (textile products) divisions in a way that might dramatically change its service to its customers. Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1.How does Li & Fung create value for its customers and suppliers? How do international differences in labor costs play into this value? 2. Should Charles Ho (Li & Fungs division manager) send Classiques order to Qingdao, China, or the Philippines? If he sends the o rder to China, should he ask the HV division to supervise it? If he sends it to China and has his own staff supervise it, how many visits should they make to the factorytwo, three, or four? Consider the division managers personal interests, as well as those of the customer and of Li & Fung. 3.Assess Li & Fungs internal structure, including its organizational structure and the ways in which it motivates its employees. How does it align employees interests with both customer satisfaction and Li & Fungs financial performance? 4. Should William Fung follow Danny Laus recommendation to extend the restructuring experiment to all soft goods divisions? 5. How do business-to-business services differ from business-to-individual consumer services? Part IV Managing Internal Processes Class 21. Monday November 22 (Introduction to Time Based Manufacturing) Read Hopp, W. J. and M. L. Spearman. 2004. To pull or not to pull What is the question? Manufacturing and Service Operations Management 6(2)1 33-48. Spear, S. and H. K. Bowen. 1999. decipherment the DNA of the Toyota Production System. Harvard Business Review 77(5)96-106. Class 22. Wednesday November 24 (Attribute Control Charts) Read the following pages out of Gitlow et al, Quality Management, 2005. Skim Chapter 6, pages 169, 170 Chapter 7, pages 184-223. Skim Chapter 8, pages 254-260 page 293. Assignment Prepare and turn in answers to the problems 7. and 7. 25. Prepare the following questions for class discussion 1. What is the difference between attribute and variable control charts? When would one use one versus the other? 2. What is the difference between n, np, c, and u charts? When would one use one versus the others? 3. What, if anything, are the downsides of using control charts? What are their limitations? Can you think of alternative methods for controlling systems and improving processes? Class 23. Monday November 29 (Application of p-charts ) Read Deutsche Allgemeinversicherung.HBS Case 9-696-084 Case Synopsis Deutsche (DAV) is one of Europes largest insurance companies. To defend itself and to regain its tralatitious leadership position, DAV has begun a new quality initiative, focused primarily on some key processes it believed could be dramatically improved. Assignment Please come to class prepared to discuss the following questions 1. Why is DAV using SPC? What are the primary challenges in applying Statistical Process Control to a service industry compared with manufacturing? 2.If you were to exempt the concept of a p-chart to a group of bank tellers without a background in SPC, in about 30 minutes, how would you do it? 3. How large should each type be for the experiment Schoss and Kluck describe on page 7? 4. The first 12 weeks of the data in Exhibit 4 represent the diagnostic finale for the Policy Extension Group. What are the 3-sigma control limits for the process? In which of the subsequent weeks is the process out of control (if any)? 5. Develop specific implementati on plans for solving the problems facing Annette Kluck that are described on page 9 of the case. . How would you now begin improving the performance of the operation? Class 24. Wednesday December 1 (6-sigma improvement programs ) Please read Chapter 10 in Evans, James R. and William M. Lindsay. 2005. The management and control of quality. 6th edition. Thomson South-western, Mason, Ohio. Pages 479-513. Dow, D. , D. Samson, and S. Ford. Exploding the myth do all quality management practices contribute to superior quality performance? Production and Operations Management, 8(1), p 1-27. Please prepare the following questions to hand in at the start of class 1.What is a defect? rationalise how to compute defects per million opportunities (dpmo). 2. Explain the theoretical basis for six Sigma quality. 3. Problem 1 on page 505. 4. Problem 3 on page 505. Please be prepared to discuss discussion question 1 on page 504. Six-sigma has been criticized because a) The results often dont ha ve any noticeable impact on company financial statements. (90% of the companies that implement six-sigma dont end up with higher stock values. ) b) Only early adopters can benefit c) Six Sigma focuses on defects, which are hard to objectively determine or service businesses d) Six Sigma cant guarantee that your product will have a market. Class 25. Monday December 6 (Transfer of learning) Read Pisano, G. P. , R. Bohmer, and A. C. Edmondson. 2001. Organizational Differences in Rates of Learning Evidence from the Adoption of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. Management acquirement 47(6)752. M. A. Lapre and Luk N. Van Wassenhove, Learning Across Lines The Secret to More Efficient Factories, Harvard Business Review, October, 2002, pp. 107-113. Class 26. Wednesday December 8 (Course Summary) Final Examination Take Home Case Date TBA

Personality psychology Essay

We are born at a given moment, in a given place and, like vintage years of wine, we have the qualities of the year and of the season of which we are born. Astrology does not lay claim to anything more(prenominal) (Carl Gustav Jung). Ever since humans looked toward the sky for some kind of meaning to life and answers to the big questions, astrology has been a part of many peoples lives. It is besides known to hold knowledge on ones personality and character.After reading my Pisces personality profile, I realized that there are similarities and differences mingled with my personality and the profile provided.Aside from the similarities, the profile in any case consists of traits which are different from my own. I feel that I am a long term planners and I am real decisive about my life goals as opposed to the profile which says that Pisces go where the wind blows. I feel that I am a very determined person and example of this is that in grade 8, I had thought about each and every si ngle major step stone in my life.I had decided that I would go into McMasters to study Health Sciences, then go into UFT medical school, complete 3 years of specialization in clinical neurology and after completing my residency, become a neurosurgeon. Saying that I go where the wind blows is an invalid statement. In addition, I do not feel that I have a strong connection with medicine which again disobeys the profile personality. It says that Pisces are often channeled into creative outlets, and have a strong connection in music and film.I feel it very hard to connect to music personally because I feel I have no relations with the topics a singer sings about. Even though certain music can be inspirational and represent an important topic, most of todays music provided seems to be about money, fame and girls. Just yesterday I felt depressed due though personal circumstances and thought music might advocate but I personally had no relief.Moreover, I also disagree with the fact that I have a feminine nature. I mete out myself being more masculine and bold. In particular, during my summer job when my employer asked me to do something I felt was unsafe, I gallantly spoke out whereas if I had a feminine nature I might have state nothing. As a result I feel that certain elements of this personality profile do not match with mine.In conclusion, there are similarities and differences between my personality and the profile personality provided. Even though it consisted of several traits which I felt resembled me, it also contained traits which I could not relate to. Scientists have always dismissed astrology as a load of old bunk. Now, a British astronomer has said that there might be something in it after all. Could the planets really control our fates?BibliographyYoga, Lexi. 101 Astrology Quotes. October 2009. Web. 11 September 2010.

Mix Marketing Plan Essay

The shuffle merchandiseing plan below is for the 2009 Mitsubishi alien comp motivate all vagabond military campaign (AWD) termsd under $40,000. This market plan below describes the butt joint market and objectives that are necessary to capture the direct market. Furthermore, the plan offers recomm depotations and some of them methods necessary to nurture the Mistubishi unknown and create awareness of its release on to the market in 2009. Also in the mix market plan is situational analysis that is broken tear into four parts. The first part is the flow yield which describes the brand and core product which in this case is the Mistubishi outsider.The second part discusses the factors that leave behind affect the price of the alien such as competition and demand. The third aspect talks about the current scattering and method in which to distribute the Outlander. This part withal talks about the intensity of distribution and the intermediaries apply to distribute the O utlander and the factors that influence the distribution such as storage and transport of the Outlanders from point of conciliate to the point of sale. The fourth situational analysis aspect is the promotional theme and the elements integrated in the promotion mix. The theme is that of cross between an all wheel drive and a sports utility vehicles that is both excellent as urban cruiser as well as an off road speciality sized vehicle.The recommended hind end market for the Outlander is primary(prenominal)ly the medium sized family that enjoys occasional family trips out of urban localities. The age group of the consumer interested in purchasing the Mistubishi alien will consecrate between 25 to the 50 years of age. This demographic will most likely reside in the upper middle class suburbs of Perth. The briny aim of this mix marketing plan is to make consumers familiarise themselves with the Outlander, promote the outlander to all intermediaries through workshops and seminars . Increase volume of promotional content of the Outlander through media channels such as online advertise, email promotions, radio intercourse and television advertisements. The customers are made of the Mistubishi Diamond Advantage.Situational AnalysisCurrent reapingThe Mistubishi outlander is a cross oer all wheel drive (AWD) from the product line of the Mitsubishi Motor Company. The Outlander is a shopping type of consumer product that is in its trigger set. It is a compact AWD that female genitalia be driven in urban areas as well as off road. However, the Outlander does not adopt electronic Stability control system (ESP) but does come with an expandable row do it a seven seater and a bisected raise door for easy accesses to the rear cabin put. The ESP can always be added on to the future autos by adopting the system that is used in different Mitsubishi influences.Current PricingThe current influences on the price of the Outlander include demand, competition and oth er external factors such as economic situation and well-grounded value price (Kotler et al.2007, 350). The Mistubishi Outlander is in the monopolistic market as they are many sellers offering alternatives (Pierre and Toulemonde 2009, 1347) .AWDs such as the Toyota Rav Four and Nissan Extrail. The determine objective of the Outlander is cup of tead on the price of competitors mystify of SUVs and the mix of models of the Outlander offered by Mistubishi under $40000.Current Distribution The outlander is distributed indirectly from the factory through intermediaries such as the dealerships. Intermediaries provide a link between the manufacturer and consumer (Ansari, Mela and Neslin 2008, 60).The dealers include organisations that specialise in Mistubishi vehicle sales and services. Distribution of the outlander is selective for easier negotiations and hotshot tone customer interaction. Some of the factors that may affect distribution include transport and Storage of the Mistubishi outlanders from the point of manufacture to the point of sale.Current forward motion The main objective is to get the consumers familiarise themselves with the new Mitsubishi Outlander. The theme is that of a sports utility vehicles that is both excellent as urban cruiser as well as an off road medium sized vehicle. Advertising, direct Marketing sales promotions are some of the methods used to show to the customer the sporting side as well as its ability to use as urban vehicle through events such as the Dakar Rally.Recommended Target Market The recommended target market for the Outlander is mainly the medium sized family that enjoys occasional family trips out of urban localities. The age group of the consumer interested in purchasing the Mistubishi outlander will clasp between 25 to the 50 years of age. The consumer will most likely come from middle class urban setting and enjoys showing off the off-road capabilities of their car while being a comfortable and stylish car to driv e around town.This target market has the most potential because the outlander is an urban sports vehicle that has an extra row of position to accommodate a total of 7 passengers as compared to its rivals on the market within the same price range. The outlander excessively comes with a lot more standard features as compared to its rivals on the market. Some off the unique features include interchangeable all wheel drive that can be selected at any driving speed. The outlander likewise has a compact third row seat that does not compromise boot space and is still accommodate two extra passengers.Recommended Marketing ObjectiveIn order to keep the Mitsubishi Outlander ahead of the other brand of cross over AWDs on the market, some short term marketing strategies will bemuse to be put in place. These include Making the consumers familiarise themselves with the Outlander, promote the outlander to all intermediaries through workshops and seminars. Increase volume of promotional conten t of the Outlander through media channels such as online advertisement, email promotions, radio and television advertisements. another(prenominal) approach would be to promote the Outlander through competitions, sponsorships of sporting activities and discounted sales to the first few customers. Boost the appeal of the outlander by offering social status to outlander car club through the Mitsubishi Diamond Advantage as part of a package deal for the purchase of an Outlander which is a 10 year 160 000 km drive train warranty and the 5 year unlimited 130 000 km warrant plus roadside assistance.Product recommendations Since the product at hand is a motor vehicle, the product packaging will not be required however all other aspects of the product such as branding extensions will be taken into consideration. The product at focus is the Outlander which comes from the product mix of Mitsubishi motor company it save has one product lines with a narrow width. Therefore, only the depth of the product mix can be explored to give the consumer a variety to pick from the range of Outlanders available. The Mitsubishi Outlander is offered in three models namely the LS, XLS and the optional XLS Luxury pack.The Three models offered come with different options and at a varied price range depending on the added extras. However, the base model still has a starting base price of $31,990 that is fixed depending on whether the customer chooses to add extras to the vehicle. The base model of the outlander is the Ls which comes with 2.4 l 4 cylinder MIVEC engine, driver and passenger side airbags. The LS models also comes with All Wheel Control 4WD (AWC), air condition, cruise control, Keyless entry, power windows, a steering wheel with audio controls, Stability and traction control.The XLS model has added on features that the LS does not have such as Continuously variable automatic transmittal (CVT), INVECS Smart Logic and 6 steps Sports Mode, Paddle gear shifts, Smart Key, Bluet ooth voice activated phone connectivity, chrome grill surround, 18 alloy Wheels, reversal parking sensors, Adaptive Front Lighting system, High intensity Discharge Head Lamps (HID), Fog Lamps and Privacy Glass. The third model of the outlanders is the optional XLS Luxury pack. This model has additional feature to the XLS model. These key features include 18 7 spoke wheels, chrome exterior high clean-cuts, galvanizing sunroof, Rockford Fosgate premium salutary system with 9 speakers, gear up entertainment system, Mitsubishi Multi Communication system (MMCS) including satellite navigation and reverse camera, automatic dusk sensing head lamps, automatic rain sensing wipers, leather seats facings, power driver seat and heated front seat.Pricing recommendationsThe determine recommendations for the Mitsubishi Outlander will include the product line price, product bundle pricing and optional product pricing. The product line price in this situation is considered because the product lin e width is narrow and limited to the Outlander models namely the LS, XLS and The facultative XLS model. Therefore, the pricing of the models will also be affected by what model is being interchange through the intermediaries to the consumer. The purpose is to insure profit maximisation of the base model LS by mass distribution to the companies and leasing companies.With the LS having least of the features, making it the level entry model of the Outlander models. The second thing that is considered when it comes to product line pricing is the optional product line pricing. This will help increase the Mitsubishi profits from the sale optional accessories that can be added to the features of the Outlanders base model the LS. Some of the features intended for the target market include, 18 alloy wheels, reverse parking sensors, High intensity Discharge Head Lamps (HID), Fog Lamps and Privacy Glass, electric sunroof, chrome exterior highlights, Rockford Fosgate premium sound system with 9 speakers and rear entertainment system.The perceived value of the extras is reasonable priced as all extras added on to the Outlander models come with a 5 year 130000 km warranty. The last recommendation for product line price is product bundle pricing, where the Outlander models are sold as bundles. This can be achieved when either selling the Outlanders with just the basic features at a much lower price as compared to the base models. The target market is leasing companies, private and government organisations in bulk. Furthermore, pricing adjustments can be made to increase sales such as discounts on bulk buys and end of financial year sales and further discounts for early or cash payments. The Outlander is not new to the car market, therefore the new product pricing strategy that is recommended is the market penetrating pricing strategy to attract a large number of buyers and share market as its a medium quality and medium price product.Distribution recommendations The recomm end method of distribution channel is using indirect channel through intermediaries such as agents, retailers and wholesalers. The intermediaries act as the third party link between the Mitsubishi and the consumers. The involvement of intermediaries allows the Mitsubishi to reach geographical dispersed groups and avoid direct investment. The Mitsubishi car company does not have to have a direct involvement with credit facilities or have local knowledge of customers.Furthermore, Mitsubishi can earn a greater return by investing in their main business rather than in direct marketing. The intermediary can deal directly with the customers at a more expeditious and effective level often provide a supplier or manufacturer more returns than the manufacture can achieve on their own. This due to the amounts of contacts they have in the industry, experience, specialisation and scale of operation.Therefore, the channel of distribution is the retailer channel. That is from the manufacturer to the retailer then the consumer. The retailers sell the Outlander directly to the customers by so doing making the level of distribution intensity selective. This enables Mitsubishi deal directly with a few selected dealers that sale and provided services of goods manufactured by the Mitsubishi motor company. Channel conflict is minimised by dealing directly with intermediaries who are responsible for delivery and sale of the Outlanders. By doing so the conflict most likely to arise is between the Mitsubishi and the exclusive distributors.Promotion recommendations Before any promotional recommendations can be made in terms of promotions for the Mitsubishi Outlander, a number of things have to be considered. The major decision that has to be made includes objective setting, advertisement budget, advertising strategy and evaluation. When it comes to setting the budget, the product life cycle (PLC) has to be taken into consideration. From the introduction of the new Outlander where ligh t advertising and pre introduction earthity to heavy advertising and awareness.This is the growth stage where brand loyalty and personal selling are greatly enforced. The maturity stage involves the decrease in sales promotion personal selling and the decline stage is where advertisements and promotions reduce with limited sales. These stages will determine the over head for the budget. The other promotional recommendation is the public relations mix and media selection through which to do the advertising. The media strategy includes selecting the media format. For example the newspaper has mass audience following and is good for targeting a specific audience via quick distribution.Magazines are mainly for segmented audience however, the information is intensive and highly visual. Television combines both sight and sound however most ads are ignored and only good when trying to build brand awareness and if there are adequate financial resources for the advertisement. However, radio has immediate delivery and good for stimulate impulse purchasing, cheap to advertise but does not have a visual impact. Last, there is outdoor advertising at the car dealership on the lawns where there is great traffic flow. Sales promotion is also another way to attract new customers to the Mistubishi Outlander.This also helps retain loyal Outlander customers and also regain past purchasers who have no longer purchase Mistubishi Outlander. This can be achieved through cash acantha offers, competitions, premium offers offering more test drives of the Outlander models. Promotions can also be done through personal selling and interpersonal communication with target consumer groups. This involves two way communications between sales people and individual customers. The sales people are the link between the Mistubishi motor company and the customers and vice-versa. some other method that can be used is direct communication using electronic network tools and technologies via the inte rnet.Telemarketing, telesales other forms of direct marketing that can be used to promote the sale of the Outlander. Other unconventional methods of promotions that can be used are viral marketing by passing on information to others creating exponential growth in the messages response. Viral communications incurs very little expenses however there is limited control over receipt of the messages. The forms of passing information and advertising that are becoming popular blogs. Blogging is one method of creating hype for a product with no costs and also be able to facilitate communication between organisations and their stakeholders. Endorsements by celebrities via paid verbal testimonials or physical association with a brand. The upside is that advertising air time is practically free and the public is often not informed whether the celebrity is renumerated by the company.Conclusion. The above mix marketing plan is designed for the 2009 Mitsubishi Outlander all wheel drive AWDs. The mix market plan describes the target audience and recommends ways in which to capture the intended market. The plan has further recommendation on how to create awareness for the 2009 Outlander and methods of price, distribution and promotion. The mix market plan also has situational analysis that breaks down the recommended mix marketing strategy into four aspects that current product, current pricing, current distribution and the current promotion. The mix market plan also explains the chosen theme that is a cross between an all wheel drive and sports utility vehicle that is also excellent as an urban cruiser. Furthermore, there is emphasis on the outlanders unique features for vehicles whose base price is under $40,000.

David Foster Wallace Revision Essay

On May 21, 2005, David value Wallace starts his address to the graduating class of Kenyon College by making an analogy approximately three fish passing by one another. The older fish throws a comwork forcet out to the two younger Hows the piss? (Wallace 1) to which the younger two fish pose the question, What the hell is water? (Wallace 1) In explanation of said story, Wallace interprets it by saying The point of the fish story is the most obvious unfeignedities are often the ones that are the hardest to wait on and talk about. (Wallace 1)An abundance of Wallaces speech is him presenting different stories and analogies about knowledge being not the electrical capacity to animadvert, but rather about the choice of what to think about. (Wallace 1) Wallace goes on with another moral story about the banal platitudes of the adult life explaining if you dont consciously choose what and how youre going to think about a thing youre going to be pissed and miserable (Wallace 1) On ma rch on expanding that thought, David states there are totally different ways to think (Wallace 1) Wallaces speech centers around the barrendom of real education is you get to consciously go under what has meaning and what doesnt. (Wallace 1)Read more Good people by david foster wallace essayWallace shifts, telling a story about two men in a bar debating over the existence of God. One of the men is an Atheist, while the other man is religious. Both of the men have a blind certainty in their beliefs, whichis what Wallace says the mens problem is. Magnifying that thought, Wallace goes on stating closed-mindedness amounts to an incarceration so total that the prisoner doesnt even know hes locked up. (Wallace 1) He says you decide what to believe also reinforcing that you also decide how to think.Wallace continues, urging the critical analysis of what and how you think, giving the example it is rudimentary self-centeredness (Wallace 1) to think of yourself as the absolute center of t he universe. (Wallace 1) Wallace explains that, to critically analyze your thoughts you must break free of your natural, hard wired default setting. (Wallace 1) which is to see everything through the lens of selfWallace ends his speech with a control on the critical analysis of what and how you think and keeping an open mind saying it is hard to conciliate conscious and alive in the adult world day in and day out. (Wallace 1)Work CitedWallace, David Foster. musical arrangement of the 2005 Kenyon Commencement Address- May 21, 2005. Kenyon College Graduation Ceremony. Kenyon College Gambien, OH. 21 May 2005. Commencement Address.

Health Insurance For The Poor Health And Social Care Essay

For people populating be down(p) sp arness line, a health job non further represents a kind of lasting menace to their income earning capacity, nearly of the times it consequences in the kinsperson falling into a debt trap. Whenever the necessity to acquire the intervention arises for hapless households they by and large ignore it because of wishing of resources, fearing deport impairment, or may be wait t pale the last minute finally when it s excessively late. Even when the hapless do make up ones mind to obtain the coveted health attention it eats their nest eggs, forces them to sell their belongings or to slit other of import outgo same(p) kids s instruction )The ultimate end of health attention funding is to accomplish world(a) health attention coverage for all. Social wellness indemnification policy is a mechanism for pull polish off and financing wellness attention through pooling of wellness hazards of its members on the one manus, and the fiscal parts of endeavors, families, and the authorities, on the other.SHI ( Social Health policy ) is a fiscal protection mechanism for wellness attention, through wellness hazard sharing and fund pooling for a larger group of existence .1.2 Introduction about RSBYRashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana or RSBY started from 1st April 2008 after a critical reappraisal was done of the bing and earlier wellness insurance strategies. RSBY has been launched by Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India to supply wellness insurance coverage for Below Poverty Line ( BPL ) households.The verifi sufficient of RSBY is to supply protection to BPL families from fiscal liabilities originating out of wellness dazes that involve hospital c are. Beneficiaries under RSBY are entitled to hospitalization coverage up to Rs. 30,000/- for most of the diseases that require hospitalization.1.3 Eligibility and BenefitsUnorganized workers belonging to BPL class and their household members. Recently, other classs o f people were likewise added to the range of the RSBY. They include edifice and other building workers, MNREGA beneficiarys, street sellers, beedi workers and house servants. This gush has created an added patient sight to be taken attention of.Coverage extends to five members of the household which includes the caput of family, partner and up to triplet dependants.It covers preexistent conditions and there is no age bound.Entire amount check would be Rs. 30000/- per household per annum on a household floater footing.Cashless attending to all covered complaints.Transportation system costs with an general bound of Rs.1000/- for which no cogent evidence entry is required.Beneficiaries need to pay merely Rs. 30/- as the enrollment fee while the Central and State Government pays the agio to the insurance follow selected on the footing of a competitory command by the province authorities.1.4 Unique characteristics of RSBY1.4.1 A concern conjectural account outlineFor a societa l sector precis the strategy has been designed as a concern theoretical account strategy with inducements built for each interest holder which is contri onlying for enlargement and sustainability.1.4.2 Empowering the doneeRSBY provides the take parting BPL family with freedom of pick surrounded by earthly concern and reclusive infirmaries. A infirmary has the inducement to supply intervention to big variety of donees as it is paid per donee treated. Even universal infirmaries corroborate the inducement to handle donees under RSBY as the money from the insurance telephoner will belong straight to the concerned public infirmary potentiometer be used by them for their ain intents.1.4.3 IT ( knowledge Technology ) IntensiveFor the first clip IT applications are being used for societal sector strategy on much(prenominal) a big graduated table. Every beneficiary household is issued a biometric enabled unfermented card incorporating their fingerprints and exposure, around 32, 423,483 cards have been issued till 7/9/12. All the infirmaries empanelled under RSBY are IT enabled and connected to the waiter at the grime degree. This helps to guarantee a smooth nurture flow tittle-tattle service use sporadically.1.4.4 Safe and sap cogent evidenceInsurance companies, in contrast, will carry off the participating infirmaries in order to forestall fraud or unneeded solves ensuing in undue claims. It besides attempts to better the ope ration of public wellness suppliers via advancing a healthy competition between public and private suppliers. By paying merely a upper limit amount up to Rs. 750/- per household per twelvemonth, the Government is able to supply entree to quality wellness attention to the below poorness line population.1.5 Functioning of RSBY as a strategy1.5.1 Financing of RSBYThe Government of India ( GOI ) provides 75 % funding while the final stage 25 % is provided by the State authorities. The choice of a public or private insurance compan y is done through the bit of competitory command undertaken by State authorities.1.5.2 Selection of wellness insurance company and Empanelment of Health Care ProvidersThe choice of the wellness insurance supplier shall be done by the province through tendering procedure ask foring two Public and Private Insurers for better footings of mention. Merely those insurance companies which are licensed by the Insurance Regulatory Development Authority ( IRDA ) are included in the procedure.The State Government would explicate the undertakings and find the implementing bureau such as Insurance Trust/ Insurance Cell/ Mother NGO etc. to monitor/supervise the strategy and integrate with insurance company. This would be farther monitored at State and Central degree. after(prenominal) the insurance company is selected, they need to empanel both public and private wellness attention suppliers in the undertaking and nearby territories. The empanelment of the infirmaries is done based on prescrib ed standards which shall be done any bit shortly as the insurance company gets the declaration and it can go on at the same time with the registration of the donees. The insurance company shall impanel adequate infirmaries in the territory so that donees need non go really far to acquire the heath attention services. The insurance company besides needs to organize with several wellness section of the province.These infirmaries are required to put in necessary hardware and package so that smart card minutess can be processed. They should besides put up a particular RSBY desk with a trained staff. The hospital disputation should let for both public and private infirmaries who agree to take part. At the clip of registration the insurance company must besides supply a list of RSBY empanelled infirmaries, to the donees. When empanelment takes topographic point, a nationally alone infirmary ID conformation is generated so that minutess can be tracked at each infirmary.1.5.3 Role of I T in RSBY/ Smart CardsThe usage of biometric enabled smart card and a redbird direction system makes this scheme safe and foolproof. The biometric enabled smart card ensures that merely the existent donee can utilize the smart card. The cardinal characteristic of RSBY is that a beneficiary enrolled in a peculiar territory will be able to utilize his/ her smart card in any RSBY empanelled hospital across India. This characteristic makes the strategy real alone and good to the hapless households that migrate from one topographic point to the other.A donee of RSBY gets cashless emolument in any of the empanelled infirmaries. He/ she merely needs to transport his/ her smart card and supply tick through his/ her finger print.1.5.4 Use of services by doneesThe dealing procedure begins when the member visits the active infirmary. After making the infirmary, donee will see the RSBY aid desk at infirmary where his individuality will be verified by the smart card.If a diagnosing leads to a hospitalization, the helper at the aid desk checks whether the process is in the list of pre-specified bundles. If the process is in the list, the appropriate prescribed bundle is selected from the bill of fare. If the process is non in the bundle list, the aid desk helper cheques with the insurance company sing the monetary value for that process. Upon release of the donee from the infirmary, the card is once more swiped along with finger print confirmation and the pre-specified cost of the process is deducted from the addition available on the card. The donee is besides paid by the infirmary Rs. 100 as get over disbursal at the clip of the discharge.1.5.5 Claim colonyAfter the service is rendered to the patient, the infirmaries need to direct an electronic study to the insurer/ Third Party Administrator ( TPA ) . The Insurer/ TPA after traveling through the records information will do the payment to the infirmary within a specified clip period which has been agree between the Insurer and the infirmary.1.5.6 Monitoring and ratingInformation associating to minutess taking topographic point each two dozen hours at each infirmary is sent through a phone line to a territory waiter. A separate set of pre-formatted tabular arraies are generated for the insurance company and for the authorities severally. This allows the insurance company to track claims, reassign financess to the infirmaries and investigate in the instance of leery claim forms through on-site audits.1.6 blow of RSBY on wellness attention use1.6.1 Penetration of RSBY SchemeSince its induction, 26 States including 1 brotherhood district have advertised about it. So far, out of these 26 provinces, the registration procedure and empanelment of infirmaries has been initiated in merely 22 provinces. Out of a entire 631 territories in India, BPL households shacking in 399 territories were selected for obtaining RSBY sift. It is of import to observe that provinces in which the registration procedure has been completed, the entire BPL households enrolled, out of the selected BPL population, are merely approximately 57 % .Though the incursion of the strategy has non been every bit gamy as expected. This might be due to really low degree of instinct and instruction among the multitudes about the benefits of the strategy, or possibly to the complicated procedural or deficiency of earnestness in the execution of the strategy. But the plan is even operational in Naxal-prone territories ( such as Rayagarh, Sambalpur and Deogarh ) , which have experience much anti-government force and snatchs.1.6.2 Utilization of wellness attention benefits under RSBY strategyThe RSBY strategy has used the public private partnership ( PPP ) theoretical account for the empanelment of infirmaries in the strategy. Hence, both public and private wellness attention suppliers have been empanelled under the strategy. So far more than 4,000 infirmaries ( out of which 75 % infirmaries are private infirmarie s ) have been empanelled and more than half a million in population have obtained intervention in these infirmaries. The high degree of engagement of private infirmaries shows the success and credence of the strategy among private infirmaries. The use of health care installations under RSBY strategy is highest in the province of Kerala and lowest in instance of province of Assam. The empanelment of the figure of infirmaries for BPL households in each province is really unevenly distributed1.6.3 Nature of disease intervention under RSBYThe insured BPL households are using insurance sieve most of the times ( i.e. approx two tierce of respondents ) for chronic diseases such as hernia, kidney diseases, haemorrhoids, high blood pressure, and nutritionary lacks etc. The 2nd most of import usage of RSBY screen is to acquire intervention for acute conditions like enteric fever, dandy fever febrility, diarrhoea, enteric fever, viral hepatitis, rubeolas, malaria, and TB. Among the constitut ion of intervention received, both working(a) and medical intervention has an about tantamount portion i.e. 46 % surgical and 54 % medical intervention.1.6.4 Substitution of use of no/informal wellness installation to formal wellness installationsThough with the debut of the RSBY strategy, the handiness to, and use of, the formal health care system has improved among BPL households, but at the same clip still there is long manner to travel as most of the population ( i.e. more than 70 % of BPL population of India ) has yet non been covered under the RSBY Scheme.1.6.5 Impact of RSBY on wellness resultsSince the RSBY strategy was launched merely a few old ages ago, it is non possible see its impact in footings of the come of mortality rate, disease load, and disablement. studies conducted by the ministry so far have indicated a beneficiary satisfaction ratio runing between 77 % and 92 % . Access to the infirmaries for the hapless has gone up from 1.7 % to 2.7 % , harmonizing to the National Sample play along Organization1.6.6 Dissemination of information and cognition about RSBYThe word of oral cavity spreading, interaction with ASHA, ANMs, AWWs, Aanganwadi Workers and talker proclamations were the most of import beginning of information and cognition about the RSBY strategy among donees. It is seen that though donees of the strategy are cognizant of the rudimentss of the strategy, like the sum of entire coverage available, figure of household members covered, and sum required to pay for acquiring enrollment etc, there awareness related to assorted entitlements granted by the strategy like transit costs, nature of interventions covered, coverage for disbursals on Out Patient Department ( OPD ) intervention was really hapless.This low consciousness could take to struggles, example jeopardies ( over/mis use of wellness attention installations ) and dissatisfactions among donees.1.6.7 Impact of the RSBY strategy on economic resultMicro wellness insurance, hence , involves a direct economic load ab initio place on the insurance company who clears the hospitalization outgo on the behalf of the insured and of the Government who pays the insurance premium on the behalf of the BPL family. Other than the direct costs, selling and disposal costs besides add to the economic load. high claim colony rates and disposal costs result in high claim/loss rates, casts uncertainties on the long-run sustainability of wellness insurance strategies. States like Gujarat, Haryana, and Kerala show a high claim ratio. This high claim ratio is bespeaking a prevalence of over use of wellness services i.e. moral jeopardies, communicate uncertainties on the long-run sustainability of the RSBY.1.6.8 Impact of the RSBY strategy on behaviour of BPL familiesWhile insurance companies pay for the absolute majority of the cost in instance of a private system, authorities pools are used if proviso is public, the consumer pays merely a little portion of the entire cost i. e. out-of pocket on ingestion of the wellness service. regardless of how wellness attention is financed, one fact is that one time people have fallen ill they face inducements to devour more than optimum wellness attention, since they do non hold to pay the full peripheral cost for the attention they utilize. The wellness economic sciences literature refers to this sort of behaviour as a moral jeopardy.The use of formal of wellness installations has increased significantly after the micro wellness insurance screen under the RSBY. This is supported reported by National Sample Survey Organization 60th the figure of hospitalization instances for Monthly Per Capita Consumer Expenditure ( MPCE ) , less than INR 253. The per centum of BPL population hospitalized across India has increased from 0.28 % ( in twelvemonth 2005 ) to 2.69 % , 2.39 % and 1.5 % of enrolled BPL population in the provinces of Kerala, Gujarat and Haryana severally. Hence, hypothesis 1 about the increased use of the Health attention installation ( none of hospitalization ) after the RSBY execution was supported. Switching penchants ( from populace to private infirmaries ) of donees. Similar phenomenon can be seen in footings of the altering penchants of the donees from public to private infirmaries. These changed penchants and behavior show window the presence of moral jeopardies in the RSBY strategy every bit good, like other wellness insurance strategies.